Human Security - 7486 Words

United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report Office This note should be read in conjunction with the Regional/ National Human Development Report Toolkit. While the toolkit provides general guidance on preparing a Regional or National Human Development Report, this note gives specific suggestions on how to approach the concept of human security as a topic for such a report. Human Security A Thematic Guidance Note for Regional and National Human Development Report Teams BY OSCAR A. GÓMEZ AND DES GASPER Contents What is Human Security?............ 2 Getting Started...................................... 4 Selecting objectives and themes...... 4 The process.................................................... 6†¦show more content†¦National and regional HDRs aiming to address varying categories of threats and values can use the human security approach in analyzing the topic. Previous reports based on the human security approach have, for example, dealt with social exclusion, modernization and climate change; they have used examples where the State has been a threat; or explored possible future threats. Human security is a flexible approach and can be tailored to different contexts and topics, according to the specific context. No matter which topic is addressed, a guiding principle of the human security approach is that it requires understanding the particular threats experienced by particular groups of people, as well as the participation of those people in the analysis process. Threats to human security can exist at all levels of development. They can emerge slowly and silent ly or appear suddenly and dramatically. Central to the approach is the idea that people have ‘the right to live in freedom and dignity, free from poverty and despair†¦ with an equal opportunity to enjoy all their rights and fully develop their human potential.’3 3 UN General Assembly,Show MoreRelatedThe Concept Of Human Security1454 Words   |  6 PagesTraditionally, security is understood as national security. However, this notion proves to lack of a comprehensive understanding because the nature of conflicts is changing, and the state is no longer the sole object to be protected. Therefore, many scholars have suggested a new concept in terms of security, which is security for human. The concept of human security has been regarded as controversial since its introduction in the world politics. However, it is undeniable that the concept has beenRead MoreHuman Security And The Security Of A State962 Words   |  4 Pagescomes to the security of a state, more traditional perspectives place security of the state above the security of its people. A direct opposition would be a less traditional perspective that the state should protect its most valuable asset, the people. Before comparing human security topics and traditional security topics, b oth must be explained because incorporation of human security to traditional security values causes mass tension. In the most basic of definitions, human security is keeping theRead MoreHuman Security and National Security2199 Words   |  9 PagesHUMAN AND NATIONAL SECURITY: ENMESHING CONCEPTUALIZATION OF SECURITY PARADIGM IN EMERGING SECURITY DYNAMICS Introduction and Background In the realm of international relations and political science, there has been the recurring debate on the human versus national security. Theorists and scholars, like Goucha and Crowley (2008, 57) enrolled into the ethos of realism take the state-oriented view of the security and places the dominance of national security over human security; whereas, those whoRead MoreHuman Security And State Security1820 Words   |  8 Pagestoday’s issues pose threats to human and state security. These threats are broken down into four categories: migration, food issues, epidemics, and environmental issues. While each classification affects both human and state security, they prove to be more threatening to one more than the other. This paper will explore which issues are more threatening to which type of security by first defining human and state security. Next, the effect these topics have on state security will be studied. FollowingRead MoreClimate Change, Human Security and Violent Conf lict Essay798 Words   |  4 Pages Climate change is becoming a focal point for security and conflict research. Research suggests that violent conflict is affected by climate change and this could become increasingly worse in the future. Barnett, J., Adger, W. (2007) suggest that climate change undermines human security by reducing the access to natural resources that sustain people’s way of life. Climate change also has the capacity to undermine states as well by cutting off the states ability to provide opportunities and servicesRead MoreEssay Worldwide Human Security1409 Words   |  6 PagesWorldwide Human Security Introduction Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the world has been searching for the next big threat to peace. With the United States arguably left alone as the only global Superpower, the threat of large scale warfare has diminished considerably. This has drawn attention to the smaller conflicts and hardships of the world. The establishment of the United Nations provided a place for the countries of the world to come together and conveneRead MoreTraditional Security vs Human Security1349 Words   |  6 PagesTRADITIONAL SECURITY VS HUMAN SECURITY INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS INSTRUCTOR: SURAT HORACHAIKUL 12/13/2012 TRADITIONAL SECURITY VS HUMAN SECURITY 2012 Table of Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................... 2 2. TRADITIONAL SECURITY VS HUMAN SECURITY .................................................................................... 3 2.1. TRADITIONAL SECURITY ........Read MoreThe Differences Between State Security and Human Security Essay949 Words   |  4 PagesState security basically entails the tendency of a nation adhering to its own set of demands in regard to the issue of security policies (Baylis, J.2010, p.233).Traditional security also involves a host of other aspects that are defined by virtue of subordination. Describing the matter further reveals that state security is primarily the protection of available institutions, ethics or values within a nation, and above all human beings living inside its boundaries (Brauch, 2003, 204). State securityRead MoreEssay Human Vulnerability and IT Security2336 Words   |  10 Pagestheir organization’s overall security posture and reporting the greatest vulnerabilities to leadership. Senior management is often surprised to hear that the greatest vulnerability within an organization is not a misconfigured firewall or a virus being forwarded across an internal e-mail server, but rather a human being. When compared to a piece of hardware or software, a human user is easily the single most targeted weakness within an organization. Defining the Human Vulnerability Charles andRead MoreQuestions On Human Resource Security887 Words   |  4 Pagesand teleworking a) Mobile device policy b) Teleworking 1. Human resource security a) Prior to employment [Describe here the pre-employment screening process]. [Describe here any information security related responsibilities or obligations contained in the terms and conditions of employment. It may be possible to simply say words to the effect of â€Å"refer to our HR Manual†.]. b) During employment We raise information security awareness through training, including induction training at the commencement

Introduction to Communications Research Free Essays

Simple: contain one independent and one dependent variable. . Testable: the ability to test the relationship among variables must be clear. We will write a custom essay sample on Introduction to Communications Research or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4. Useful: should provide new 3 criteria for monotheistic causal relationships 1 . Variables are correlated I. E. Describes statistical relationship between 2 variables 2. The cause takes place before the effect (post hoc ergo proper hoc) 3. The relationship between variables is non-spurious Monotheistic explanation is probabilistic in nature and is usually incomplete. Exceptions do not disprove a demonstrated monotheistic causal relationships. Causal relationships can exist even if they do not apply to the majority of cases. Longitudinal Studies Cross-sectional Studies Observations taken at single point in time. Explanation occurs by examining differences across the units of analysis (hopefully representative of population). Less expensive, but harder to establish cause and effect. Observations are taken more than once. Explanation occurs by examining differences across time. More expensive, but easier to provide sense of cause and effect. Trend Studies Examines changes in a population across time. Investigator samples randomly from a population over time, with different individuals constituting each sample. Hard to understand WHY change occurred as participants differ. Cohort Studies A type of longitudinal research where an investigator randomly samples from a but cause and effect still hard to show as surveys change. Cohort Analysis: Any study in which some characteristic of one or more cohorts is measured at two or more times. Cohort: a group of people who are linked by some common characteristic of life event. Panel Studies A longitudinal study that examines changes in individuals across time. Panel studies provide the opportunity for more in-depth analysis. Each study collects data from he same individuals. Longitudinal panel studies are expensive but informative forms of research. One must account for attrition as each â€Å"wave† of data is collected from the panel. Reduce attrition by preparation and persistence. Disadvantages of Longitudinal Studies 1. By the time the study is complete, the original measures will have become outmoded, and the overall social context will have changed. Critics will question if the findings are relevant. 2. Longitudinal researchers have to accept postponed gratification. 3. Difficult to secure funding for longitudinal studies because funding iodides often press for measures relevant for cross-sectional questions, rather than longitudinal analysis. 4. Because of their expense, it will always be necessary to plan for multiple uses, and this carries the danger of not addressing any question thoroughly. 5. Attrition over time is an ever-present hazard. Advantages of Longitudinal Studies 1 . They allow an accurate time ordering of events to better address monotheistic causation. 2. They allow the study of within-individual change ? a more powerful causal analyses than cross-sectional surveys. 3. Because these are multiple data mints, they provide a better leverage on the handling of missing data Week 5: Experimental Design 1 19th and 20th century classical experimentation 0 Practice of holding everything constant except the one variable under consideration. 0 Not controlling all potential variables, but rather manipulating levels of selected independent variables in order to examine their influence on dependent variables. Control: experimental design controls background variability so that systematic effects of treatments can be observed. 1. Control by matching Some sources of variation may be eliminated by matching, which limits inerrability However matching is only possible on known and observable characteristics and perfect matching is never possible 2. Control by randomization Converts of all irrelevant sources of possible systematic variability into unsystematic variability (random error) Like life insurance, a precaution against disturbances that may or may not occur and that may or may not be serious if they do occur 3. Control by statistical adjustment Uses statistical relations to simulate matching and increase precision. Week 6: Experimental Design 2 Design: Total experimental plan or structure of experimental research. Pre-test: The initial observation of DVD among subjects (prior to ‘V). Post-test: The measurement of DVD among subjects (after introduction of ‘V). Laboratory Experiments vs. Field Experiments Ecological validity Hawthorne Effect: where subjects alter their behavior because they know they are being studied. As such, field experiments are often non-reactive. But often results in lack of control, as intervening variables might affect the precision of the experiment. Pre-experiments: designs follow basic experimental steps but fail to include a control group or random assignment. One-Shot Case Study One-Group Pre-Test-Post-Test Design How to cite Introduction to Communications Research, Essays

Low Youth Engagement In New Zealand’s Political System †Samples

Question: Discuss about the Low Youth Engagement In New Zealands Political System. Answer: Every nation and its citizens have the power to choose their leaders and democracies around the world underlie this particular principle itself. These policies aim at addressing the voters needs and so if there is any gap in the turnout of the voters from any particular age group, it is bound to imply that the practices have very little or no positive impact on the people for whom the changes are considered. This issue is faced in case of New Zealand, where the number of voters in the low age groups is very less in percentage. Despite the fact that turnout of the voters was more or less high in the previous elections of New Zealand, the fact of concern is that the turnout of the youth, that is of the people aged between 18 to 24years was extremely low compared to the turnout of all other age groups. The youth of the country are lagging even in terms of numbers enrolled to vote as well as the number that actually turns up on the day of voting. This is a significant issue as the youth are the future of tomorrow and the probable leaders as well the drivers of the world. The matters relating to the low turn up of the youth in the elections is definitely significant and worth considering. In case these matters are not addressed with sufficient time in hand, there is the possibility of disenfranchisement which can lead to the debilitation of the country in the long run. It has been recognised as a significant issue by many and dedicated research is to be undertaken by many in order to understand the key reasons behind this issue. Based on existing information as well as the previous number of researches conducted, it has been found that several steps where implemented to increase the number of voters and make the voting process easier, as well as accessible to all (Davis, Phyak Bui, 2012). The inclusion of celebrities in the voting campaigns, the availability of enrolment forms in many fast food restaurants, shopping complexes as well as liquor stores were the steps taken to encourage all voters to participate in the upcoming elections, especially the youth. Technology also played an important role in the reduction of the accessibility as well as the knowledge barrier as they provided a ready access to those people having an internet connection. Social networking platforms were also given huge amount of importance by the political leaders in order to garner appreciation from the youth. The initiatives which were aimed at addressing the indifference as well as the lack of motivation were done to conduct a message among the youth regarding the fact that the concept of voting is not only a right but also a responsibility. Despite these attempts there was no significant improvement in the percentage of youth participation in the poles. The issue faced by New Zealand is also faced by several democracies today. Issues such as the specific non-voter segments, attitudes as well as physical barriers have been ide ntified as contributing to the low turnout of the voters comprising the youth in New Zealand. The dismal participation of youth in the polls of New Zealand is considered as a policy problem as the youth is the future of any country and if the youth do not participate, the elected leaders cannot be said to be a reflection of the mindsets of the youth. There are several reasons which are blamed for the low participation of youth in the polls. According to the surveys conducted among the youth, they had to say that a very low level of information is available about the politics of the country and the lack of proper communication is also another issue. Besides this, it can be said that the lack of young leaders in the political parties also led to the low levels of participation of the youth. It can be said regarding this that the youth are unable to identify with the aged leaders and in order to need the proper participation of the young age group these existing issues need to be addressed. In connection to solving this significant issue, three important probable policy decision s are discussed (Kelsey, 2015). The first important policy decision is the proper inculcation of civics education in the schools so that the youth are encouraged and drawn towards the voting process from a young age and understand the significance of their engagement in the voting process. Popular leaders as well as professionals have to say that the civics education in schools should focus on the concept that the voting process and casting ones vote is actually a step towards the successful running of a country and can contribute towards making the society a better place to live in (Colomer, 2016). Thus the inclusion of civics into the curriculum should be made compulsory at all schools of New Zealand. The education about being a responsible citizen, learning about the citizenship in New Zealand, should be introduced as a part of the regular study. The gap between learning about the basics of society and its implementation needs to be put into practice by the concept of voting (Palmer Palmer, 2004). As the youth feel that the system is not working for them, the youth should be assisted in understanding how the system works in their favour. Only if the youth feel that the voting process engagement will help them benefit from it and their lives will be improved will they engage in the system actively (Bell, 2012). The next important policy decision is the inclusion of young politicians as the leaders of the country. As stated by the youth in the surveys conducted, the generation gap between them and the leaders do not help in the proper communication of the aims of the country. The average age of the members of the parliament is much higher than the average age of the voter population. Traditionally this incident occurs due to the inclusion of experienced people in politics who have gone after gaining experience in their careers as well as a proven public standing (Hayward, 2015). The fact which is undeniable is the inclusion of those politicians whose demographics are absolutely unrepresentative of the people. This is a huge reason for the non-voting stance of the youth. It is not unjust to say that seeing people of similar age groups and in the same generation in the parliament is a factor which is bound to encourage young people to vote. There are exceptions however in case where the old pe ople have also appealed to the youth. However inclusion of more and more people in the parliament in the young age group is bound to increase the number of young voters participation in the elections to come. The young leaders help the youth relate with them more easily and assure them of having a voice in the parliament. Thus this can be considered as a significant policy decision (Eichbaum Shaw, 2007). Another policy decision which is being pondered on by the voting process authorities is the possibility of lowering the voting age. The existing voting age being 18 years is to be changed to the lower age of 16. 16 is the voting age for many countries and is not a baseless decision as it seems to be. Majority of the leaders however have discarded the idea of this reduction in the voting age, as the required amount of maturity is not attained at the age of 16. While some people argue that this is the necessary option, others feel that just lowering the voting age is not enough to get the youth interested in the politics of the country. Instead the deeper malaises need to be fixed (Hayward, Wheen, 2016). The politicians need to be aware of the difference between their promises as well as their actual performances in order to engage the youth more (Ichilov, 2013). In order to understand whether the implemented policy decisions are significant or successful, the main thing to be done is to wait for the upcoming elections, in order to understand the impact of the implemented policies. It also needs to be understood that the results of such policies have to be analysed over relatively longer time spans and the results may not be immediately visible. However, if an idea needs to be made regarding the way in which the implemented policies are shaping up, the best possible option is to conduct a survey. The survey should be conducted comprising the young people as the respondents in order to get an idea as to how they feel regarding the new proposals for implementation of the policies. Depending on what the youth have to say, the authorities can modify their proposals for implementation accordingly. It also needs to be understood that the existing pressure on the youth may not always allow them to engage in activities of their choice. It is in such cases that they are not able to participate in important decisions involving the nation. It can be concluded that the issue of low levels of engagement of the youth needs to be addressed as soon as possible. References: Bell, S. (2012). The power of ideas: The ideational shaping of the structural power of business.International Studies Quarterly,56(4), 661-673. Colomer, J. (Ed.). (2016).The handbook of electoral system choice. Springer. Davis, K. A., Phyak, P., Bui, T. T. N. (2012). Multicultural education as community engagement: Policies and planning in a transnational era.International Journal of Multicultural Education,14(3). Eichbaum, C., Shaw, R. (2007). Ministerial advisers, politicization and the retreat from Westminster: The case of New Zealand.Public Administration,85(3), 609-640. Hayward, J. (2015).New Zealand government and politics. Oxford University Press Australia. Hayward, J., Wheen, N. (Eds.). (2016).The Waitangi Tribunal: Te Roopu Whakamana i te Tiriti o Waitangi. Bridget Williams Books. Ichilov, O. (2013).Citizenship and citizenship education in a changing world. Routledge. Kelsey, J. (2015).The New Zealand experiment: A world model for structural adjustment?. Bridget Williams Books. Palmer, G. W., Palmer, M. (2004).Bridled power: New Zealand's constitution and government. Oxford University Press, USA.

Love Essay Research Paper Love is a free essay sample

Love Essay, Research Paper Love is a theological virtuousness that enables us to develop caring relationships with God and others. With love comes gender, which is the status of holding a gender and associating to others as a consequence of that gender. Love and gender frequently go manus and manus but when people deal with these factors there are guidelines so that people do non mistreat two fantastic gifts that God has given us. To populate a chaste life is non ever simple and easy. There are cultural challenges that affect us and do it hard for us to do the right determinations. These challenges test us and can do us stronger people. First, sexual intercourse, which is the most intimate act between a adult male and a adult female in matrimony, is sometimes used as a manner to obtain money and power. At times people # 8217 ; s lives become like soap operas because of their greed and the low respect they have for fostering love. We will write a custom essay sample on Love Essay Research Paper Love is a or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Besides, sex is frequently the hook or catch for an advertizement. It sells aroma, furniture, autos, gum, apparels, nutrient, and anything else conceivable. It becomes the ground to see a film or comedian. Second, in our civilization love is used to depict a feeling for many things. This makes it difficult for a individual to be certain that they truly love a individual, or that the other individual truly loves them. And eventually, in our civilization turning up as a child the Catholic faith, the labels of sex being soiled or iniquitous frequently paint the incorrect image of a absolutely normal ; adumbrate act that God Himself created. Then, a individual sees the virtuousness of celibacy as merely another regulation to brake. Another rebellious act has no significance based on the first feeling they were given about sex. Society is another obstruction to get the better of when a individual is seeking to populate a chaste life. First, for people of all ages peer force per unit area is a force to think with. The force per unit area on each of us to conform to the criterions of others can be great. The point of equal force per unit area is to do a individual feel that they are non accepted unless they do what others are making. When it comes to holding, sex encouragement and forcing from foreigners make things harder. Second, society gives us a cover to screen ourselves with, which sounds good but is truly a prevarication. It is the prevarication of individualism. The individual SA Y they are making what they are making non because of person else but because they want to make it. But really, people say this so frequently that it is truly a whipping boy for conformance. And 3rd, the familiar phrase â€Å"everybody’s making it † is another alibi, nevertheless, in world, non everyone is making it in the first topographic point and that’s them, and non you. Christian love includes three qualities ; one of them is duty. Duty means being able to reply for one # 8217 ; s behavior and duties and being able to take for oneself between right and incorrect. As Christians, we believe that we are # 8220 ; temples of the Holy Spirit # 8221 ; and because of that privilege, we have a duty to handle ourselves and others non as objects but as individuals, God # 8217 ; s human existences. Another quality in Christian love is respect. Respect is an act of giving peculiar attending or consideration to a individual. All people deserve regard. A individual # 8217 ; s spouse particularly deserves to be held in high respect. In Jesus # 8217 ; image, we are called to esteem others and ourselves, which is something that comes before genuinely loving person. When you love person, you respect their ideals, beliefs, and wants. A concluding quality in a love that is chaste is self-control. Self-denial is restraint exercised over one # 8217 ; s ain urges, emotions, or desires. Because we are adherents of Jesus, the right thing to make is to be obedient to Him. And to seek to move based on the common good of others and ourselves. My character is best enhanced by mature and responsible relationships by seting out attempt. It involves a life-long manner of associating to others. Besides, there are wagess to populating a chaste life such as a sense of true freedom and felicity because I am associating justly to others. My character is brought out through meaningful friendly relationships, being an educated individual, and by being person that people can esteem for keeping my land on something that is of import to me. In decision, by holding right relationships with God and others we can hold true peace. True peace comes with keeping a healthy balance. A feeling of good being and contentment along with great felicity can be achieved while exerting self-denial, regard, and duty.

Stephen Decatur, Naval Hero of the War of 1812

Stephen Decatur, Naval Hero of the War of 1812 Stephen Decatur (Jan. 5, 1779–March 22, 1820) was a U.S. naval officer who became famous for his exploits during the  Tripoli War. He later served as a heroic commander in the  War of 1812. He was killed in a duel by a fellow officer whose court-martial he had participated in years before. Fast Facts: Stephen Decatur Known For: Naval exploits during the Tripoli War and War of 1812Born: Jan. 5, 1779 in Sinepuxent, MarylandParents: Stephen Decatur Sr., Anne PineDied: March 22, 1820 in Bladensburg, MarylandSpouse: Susan WheelerNotable Quote: â€Å"Our country! In her intercourse with foreign nations may she always be in the right; but our country, right or wrong!† Born at Sinepuxent, Maryland, on January 5, 1779, Stephen Decatur was the son of Captain Stephen Decatur, Sr. and his wife Anne. A naval officer during the American Revolution, Decatur, Sr. had his son educated the Episcopal Academy in Philadelphia. Graduating, young Stephen enrolled at the University of Pennsylvania and was a classmate of future naval officers Charles Stewart and Richard Somers. At the age of 17, he secured employment with the firm of Gurney and Smith and aided in securing timber for the keel of the frigate USS United States (44 guns). Early Career Wishing to follow his father in the naval service, Decatur received the aid of Commodore John Barry in obtaining a midshipmans warrant. Entering the service on April 30, 1798, Decatur was assigned to United States with Barry as his commanding officer. He sailed aboard the frigate during the Quasi-War and saw action in the Caribbean as United States captured several French privateers. Demonstrating his skill as a gifted sailor and leader, Decatur received a promotion to lieutenant in 1799. At the end of the conflict in 1800, the U.S. Navy was downsized by Congress with many officers discharged from the service. First Barbary War One of thirty-six lieutenants retained by the U.S. Navy, Decatur was assigned to the frigate USS Essex (36) as first lieutenant in 1801. Part of Commodore Richard Dales squadron, Essex sailed to the Mediterranean to deal with those Barbary states that were preying upon American shipping. After subsequent service aboard USS New York (36), Decatur returned the US and took command of the new brig USS Argus (20). Sailing across the Atlantic to Gibraltar, he turned the ship over to Lieutenant Isaac Hull and was given command of the 12-gun schooner USS Enterprise (14). Burning Philadelphia On December 23, 1803, Enterprise and the frigate USS Constitution (44) captured the Tripolitan ketch Mastico after a sharp fight. Renamed Intrepid, the ketch was given to Decatur for use in a daring raid to destroy the frigate USS Philadelphia (36) which had run aground and been captured in Tripoli harbor on October. At 7:00 PM on February 16, 1804, Intrepid, disguised as a Maltese merchant ship and flying British colors, entered Tripoli harbor. Claiming that they had lost their anchors in a storm, Decatur asked permission to tie up alongside the captured frigate. As the two ships touched, Decatur stormed aboard Philadelphia with sixty men. Fighting with swords and pikes, they took control of the ship and began preparations to burn it. With combustibles in place, Philadelphia was set on fire. Waiting until he was sure the fire had taken hold, Decatur was the last to leave the burning ship. Escaping the scene in Intrepid, Decatur and his men successfully evaded fire from the harbors defenses and reached the open sea. When he heard of Decaturs achievement, Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson called it the most bold and daring act of the age. In recognition for his successful raid, Decatur was promoted to captain, making him, at age twenty-five, the youngest to hold the rank. For the remainder of the war, he commanded the frigates Constitution and Congress (38) before returning home at its conclusion in 1805. Three years later he served as part of the court martial that tried Commodore James Barron for his role in the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. In 1810, he was given command of United States, then in ordinary at Washington DC. Sailing south to Norfolk, Decatur oversaw the refitting of the ship. War of 1812 Begins While in Norfolk, Decatur encountered Captain John S. Garden of the new frigate HMS Macedonian. During a meeting between the two, Garden wagered Decatur a beaver hat that Macedonian would defeat United States should the two ever meet in battle. When war with Britain was declared two years later, United States sailed to join Commodore John Rodgers squadron at New York. Putting to sea, the squadron cruised the east coast until August 1812, when it put into Boston. Returning to sea on October 8, Rodgers led his ships in search of British vessels. Victory Over Macedonian Three days after departing Boston, Decatur and United States were detached from the squadron. Sailing east, Decatur spotted a British frigate on October 28, approximately 500 miles south of the Azores. As United States closed to engage, the enemy ship was identified as HMS Macedonian (38). Opening fire at 9:20 AM, Decatur masterfully outmaneuvered his adversary and methodically pummeled the British ship, ultimately forcing its surrender. Taking possession of Macedonian, Decatur found that his guns had inflicted 104 casualties, while United States had only suffered 12. After two weeks of repairs to Macedonian, Decatur and his prize sailed for New York, arriving to a massive victory celebration on December 4, 1812. Refitting his ships, Decatur put to sea on May 24, 1813, with United States, Macedonian, and the sloop Hornet (20). Unable to escape the blockade, they were forced into New London, CT by a strong British squadron on June 1. Trapped in port, Decatur and the crew of United States transferred to the frigate USS President (44) at New York in early 1814. On January 14, 1815, Decatur attempted to slip through the British blockade of New York. Loss of President After running aground and damaging the ships hull leaving New York, Decatur elected to return to port for repairs. As President sailed home, it was attacked by the British frigates HMS Endymion (40), HMS Majestic (58), HMS Pomone (44), and HMS Tenedos (38). Unable to escape due the damaged condition of his ship, Decatur prepared for battle. In a three-hour fight, President succeeded in disabling Endymion but was forced to surrender after sustaining heavy casualties by the other three frigates. Taken prisoner, Decatur and his men were transported to Bermuda where all learned that the war had technically ended in late December. Decatur returned to the United States aboard HMS Narcissus (32) the following month. Later Life As one of the US Navys great heroes, Decatur was immediately given command of a squadron with orders to suppress the Barbary pirates which had become active again during the War of 1812. Sailing to the Mediterranean, his ships captured the Algerian frigate Mashouda and swiftly compelled the Dey of Algiers to make peace. Using a similar style of gunboat diplomacy, Decatur was able to compel the other Barbary states to make peace on terms advantageous to the United States. In 1816, Decatur was named to the Board of Naval Commissioners in Washington D.C. Taking up his post, he had a home designed for him and his wife, Susan, by famed architect Benjamin Henry Latrobe. Death by Duel Four years later, Decatur was challenged to a duel by Commodore James Barron for comments he had made regarding the latters conduct during the 1807 Chesapeake-Leopard Affair. Meeting outside the city at Bladensburg Dueling Field on March 22, 1820, the two squared off with Captain Jesse Elliott and Commodore William Bainbridge as their seconds. An expert shot, Decatur only intended to wound Barron. As the two fired, Decatur severely wounded Barron in the hip, however he himself was fatally shot in the abdomen. He died later that day at his house in Lafayette Square. Over 10,000 attended Decaturs funeral including the President, Supreme Court, and the majority of Congress. Legacy Stephen Decatur was one of the first national heroes after the American Revolution. His name and legacy, like those of David Farragut, Matthew Perry, and  John Paul Jones, became identified with the U.S. Navy.

How to Say Negative Commands in Italian

How to Say Negative Commands in Italian Throughout childhood, we grow up hearing negative commands. Our parents say phrases, like Dont bother your brother!, Stop yelling!, Dont forget to do your homework!, or Don’t make a mess! And even though our intention isn’t to learn Italian so we can yell negative commands at our children, knowing how to use them in Italian can prove useful, particularly in situations like giving advice to a friend about a guy that sounds like trouble or suggesting that someone not eating something unhealthy. But first, where do these negative commands come from? The Imperative Mood The imperative mood is a way of giving advice, suggestions, or commands. If you need a refresher, read this article: The Imperative Mood in Italian. When it comes using this mood, the form of the verb depends on whether you use the â€Å"tu† form, the â€Å"lei† form, the â€Å"noi† form, and the â€Å"voi† form, which I’ll break down below. Negative Commands Using the â€Å"tu† Form The negative tu command forms of all verbs are formed by the infinitive of the verb preceded by non: Non dire cosà ¬! - Don’t talk like that!Non fare il guastafeste! - Don’t be a party-pooper!Non mangiare quell’hamburger! Non à ¨ sano. - Don’t eat that hamburger! It’s not healthy. But what happens when you start to add some more complicated elements to the mix, like pronouns, for example? Non andarci! - Don’t go there!Non glielo dare! / Non darglielo! - Dont give it to him!Non ne parlare mai pià ¹! - Don’t bring it up ever again! If you’re dealing with reflexive verbs, you would either place the pronoun at beginning or at the end of the conjugated verb, like: Non ti preoccupare! / Non preoccuparti! - Don’t worry!Non ti addormentare. / Non addormentarti. - Don’t fall asleep.Non ti sposare! / Non sposarti! - Don’t get married! Negative Commands Using the â€Å"lei† Form The negative â€Å"lei† command is formed by placing â€Å"non† before the verb that’s been conjugated in the imperative mood. Non parli! - Don’t speak!Non mangi quel piatto. - Don’t eat that dish.Non parta! - Don’t leave!Non creda (a) quello che dice lui! - Don’t believe what he says! Negative Commands Using the â€Å"noi† and â€Å"voi† Forms The negative â€Å"noi† and â€Å"voi: command forms of all verbs are formed simply by placing non before the affirmative forms: Voi Non dormite! - Don’t sleep!Non fate rumore! - Don’t make a sound!Non parlate! - Don’t speak!Non fumate! - Don’t smoke!Non andate in quel mercato per fare la spesa, andate in un altro. - Don’t go to that store to do the shopping, go to a different one. Noi Non dormiamo! - Let’s not sleep.Non facciamo rumore. - Let’s not make any noise.Non andiamo in quel mercato per fare la spesa, andiamo in un altro. - Let’s not go to that store to do the shopping, let’s go to a different one. Tip: Notice how the â€Å"noi† form is less seen as a command and more often seen as a suggestion.

Enviromental engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Enviromental engineering - Essay Example Chemical or biological processes can help specific sources of phosphorus as from wastewater treatment plants (Henze & Van Loosdrecht 155). Biological nutrient removal processes in the treatment of waste waters lead to environmental, operational and economic benefit. For this purpose, stricter rules are being implemented for removing phosphorus from waste water. The different nutrient removal processes are chemical, physical and biological. Various biological methods are available for removing both nitrogen and phosphorus. The process of biological nutrient removal or BNR is based on a chain of biochemical reactions that convert nitrogen to another form. The main changes are nitrification and denitrification. â€Å"Nitrification is the conversion of ammonium, NH4+ to nitrite, NO2-, and finally to nitrate, NO3-â€Å" (PWTB A-4). Denitrification is the process by which, without dissolved oxygen bacteria use nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor and convert it to nitrogen gas. Denitrification occurs rapidly when an external substrate like wastewater or methanol is present for bacterial growth. Denitrification takes place slowly in the event of bacteria using nitrate in the absence of an external substance source. This is also termed as endogenous-level denitrification. The denitrification rates at endogenous level depend on sludge age and the active mass fraction of denitrifying bacteria (PWTB A-4). The effectiveness of the biological nutrient removal system is impacted by the â€Å"characteristics of the waste water influent to each zone of the process† (PWTB A-13). Both biological nitrogen removal and biological phosphorus removal can be carried out successfully only in the presence of adequate biodegradable organic substrate. The efficiency of the biological phosphorus removal process differs according to the specific organic compound available in the anaerobic zone. There is reduced efficiency of nitrogen

W3HIAEffective project management in an organizational context Assignment

W3HIAEffective project management in an organizational context - Assignment Example 4. Outline Methods That You Would Consider In Building an Effective Project Team 6 References 7 Q.1. Evaluate How the Different Project Interface (I.E., With Rest of the Organisation and With the Outside World) Are Different When Managing A Virtual Project Team Compared To Managing A ‘Collocated’ Project Team Project management is regarded as one of the crucial activities of an organisation which tends to plan, organize and execute available resources towards the attainment of organisational targets. This particular approach can also be seen in Starbucks Corporation wherein the company develops both virtual and collocated teams for ensuring smooth conduct of effective project management related practices within the organisation. However, the organisation has the need to develop different strategies in order to maintain the two aforementioned teams. In managing virtual project team, the organisation needs to manage goals, build effectual communication and keep people moti vated in a diverse way. Setting clear goals is important in managing virtual teams for the purpose of facilitating the teams to clarify any sort of doubt. Additionally, proper communication is also a key variable which can be used in managing virtual teams in the context of project management. ... The company manages these teams through analyzing their daily activities (Trautsch, 2003). Q. 2. Synthesize Views from Your Wider Academic Reading on How You Might Best Communicate and Coordinate Your Virtual Project Team As mentioned in the above discussion, proper communication is one of the vital variables which is quite useful in managing a virtual project team effectively. It can be affirmed in this similar concern that proper communication can be possible with the adherence of certain useful approaches in dealing with virtual project team. One of the approaches is the implementation of electronic communication which includes e-mail and telecommunication among others. Through this approach, the organisation needs to interact periodically with virtual team members which will ensure building proper communication. Furthermore, the approach of communication will also include building greater relationship of trust with the virtual team members along with clearly stating them about th e expectations of the organisation. Apart from this, the organisation will also need to adopt effective communication techniques that involve less time. Coordination is a problem in virtual project team as the team is not located close to the organisation on a regular basis. In order to strengthen this aspect, the organisation needs to design its project clearly and precisely. It is also important that virtual team understands what the actual needs of the project and how to proceed for the same. This will ensure forming greater coordination amid every member of the virtual project teams (Witthaus & et. al., 2008). Q.3. Comment in Your Paper on the Relevance of the Problems and Suggestions Shown On Page 232. Show How Your Wider

Psychology, IT and Individualism Essay Example for Free

Psychology, IT and Individualism Essay As information technology continues to develop with more people getting exposed to it, numerous changes are also taking place the field of psychology. Previously, many IT analysts frequently argued that psychology was taking longer than enough to implement and adopt technological advancements. However, recent researches indicate that the practices and methods applied in psychology have greatly transformed as a result of changes in information technology. First, the internet has been one of the major latest trends in psychology; it is highly associated with psychopathology (Wilson 2004). For instance, depression and loneliness have often been connected to the excess use of the internet since it results to addiction. Secondly, there is the use of information technology in counseling and psychotherapy. This is currently being done via the internet; this has resulted to some lack of privacy and confidentiality as well as loss of effectiveness in the practice since some important features such as facial expression and verbal expression has been lost (Wilson 2004). IT is also applied in research and development in psychology to enhance further growth and generation of useful knowledge. For instance, the authors of the current DSM IV-TR applied computerized criteria in revising the classification of disorders in the manual to come with a less flawless criterion of categorizing disorders and disabilities. Using IT, today’s psychotherapists have been able to make numerous improvements in the way through which they can reach, counsel and correspond with their clients (discussed in the next section) (Azucena, Hunter, 2001). The growth of Psychotherapy Psychotherapy refers to private individual counseling by professional psychotherapists. As a highly growing trend in psychology, psychotherapy is used by psychotherapists to assist them in developing deliberate interpersonal relationships with their clients as a strategy for helping the patient to improve their well being. The trend applies many modern techniques of building closer relationships with the patients such as face to face dialogues, home phone calls and regular visits of the therapist to the client (Azucena, Hunter, 2001). This trend is basically aimed at improving the mental health of the patient through interpersonal relationships. This represents a great shift in the nature of counseling psychology, psychiatry, occupational therapy, clinical psychology and other related fields in psychology. In essence, psychotherapy is not a new trend in the field of psychology since over the years, people have received private reassurance and counsel from others; what is new and becoming increasingly famous in psychology is the application of modern and deliberate professional techniques in psychotherapy. Such psychotherapeutic techniques include online counseling whereby a therapist handles client personally through creating client accounts where he can easily relate with the client on one-on-one(but not face-to-face) bases (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999). Most of the new psychotherapeutic techniques are possible because of the advancements in the use of information technology in the field of psychology as discussed above. For instance, therapists encourage clients to use social networks to be able to communicate easily with them and their families. In addition, they also approve the use of phone calls whereby clients are free to call their physicians at any time of the day so that they can discuss their issues at convenience. However, modern psychotherapy is not without a number of flaws. Recently, concerns have greatly risen concerning the advancement of individualism in psychotherapy (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999). Psychotherapy encourages individualism on both the therapist and the client. Individualism is a term used in psychology to refer to ways through which people recognize themselves only and concentrate on individual goals as opposed to collectivism. In this sense, psychotherapist no longer view psychotherapy as a collective discipline that require combined efforts with other experts in the field since they are in a position to carry out counseling and psychiatry without involving anybody else—they can visit their clients at home, chat with them online and make home phone class with them. This has resulted to a great decline in the success of psychology as a collective discipline (Tredinnick, Fowers, 1999; Azucena, Hunter, 2001). Conclusion The use IT in psychology and the advancement in psychotherapy are important developments in psychology and should be highly encouraged. However, it is upon therapists and other psychological professionals to ensure that this new trends are used effectively to prevent the decline evident in cooperation among professional bodies in the field of psychology due to individualism. References Azucena, P. G. , Hunter, H. G. (2001) Redefining Therapeutic Success with Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy, Cyber-psychology Behavior, 4(3), pp. 484-489. Fowers, B. J. , Tredinnick, M. G. (1999). Individualism and psychotherapy; are psychologists leading or following individualistic trends? Counseling, Psychology Quarterly, 12(3): pp. 303-313 Wilson, J. T. et al (2004). Current trends in psychology and the behavioral sciences. University of Pittsburgh press: Pittsburgh, PA.

Advantages of Buying an Existing Website :: Sell Websites Buy Web Sites

Advantages of Buying an Existing Website Reprinted with permission of VotanWeb.com With any new website you have two challenges: developing the product or service and then seeing what if anything, people are willing to pay you for it. Regardless of a website's past performance, an existing website will, at the very least, have a history from which you will be able to make certain decisions. Even if the website was not profitable in the past, your strengths may lend themselves perfectly to turning it into a viable venture. Furthermore, you have the ability to verify what the website did in the past that resulted in the current status of the operation. Pros: The website is 'up and running' already. It is likely to have an existing client base. The previous website owners are likely to lend support and goodwill. There is a tried and tested website formula to emulate. The website can be sold on by yourself. Generally more chance of success than starting a similar website from scratch. Cons: A large investment is often required, Website transfer costs i.e. lawyer, analysis, accountant etc.. A large amount of time required to research the opportunities available. Ease of Investigation In order to buy the right website, you will be required to do a thorough investigation of its past activities, its operations, its current status, the competition, the industry and its future potential. You will accumulate this information and then you will have to determine how it measures up with you at the helm. Clearly, this information gathering will be substantially more accurate and easier to obtain when dealing with an existing website, as you will have the resources available from which to get the details. Infrastructure You will have the benefit of purchasing a website that has an infrastructure including customers, suppliers, servers, and systems. This will allow you to focus on building the business as opposed to a start up or new website where everything begins at ground zero. Purchase Price Differences Buying an existing website does not mean that it will cost you more. In fact, many times it's less expensive than launching a new website. Even in those cases where it may require a premium, at least you know what you are getting if you investigate it properly. A new website will require a whole series of studies that will indicate that "theoretically' the website should do well.

Posse Comitatus Act (1878) Essay

The Posse Comitatus Act is a United States federal law which had been passed on June 16, 1878 as an outcome of two sources, the first being the end of the Reconstruction Period. From the establishment of the Republic till the passing of the act in question it had been standard practice to position federal troops at polling spots in order to avoid inebriates from voting as well as to ascertain that those people who would be entering the polls were sanctioned to do so in a period of restricted suffrage. As the Civil War ended, those federal troops were positioned in the polls in order to assure that worldwide manhood suffrage was allowed, and also that no previous Confederate officers would be allowed to vote since all former Confederate officers were not allowed to vote nor to hold position above the state level and the end of the Civil War Reconstruction Period entails that implementation of the said restrictions are no longer needed (Price, and Rectenwald, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second reason came from the terms on the western frontier in that fort commanders were usually the solitary law and order in a district, the solitary security for pioneers who are on the move to the west. The majority of these frontiers was still beyond the United States proper, and had not been allowed in the statehood. Fort commanders then started to put into effect civilian law enforcement accountabilities, at times in a random manner, to stalk those people they regard as criminals or Indians who are dangerous for the early settlers. The line of reasoning being that criminality and Indian assaults took place swiftly and necessitate swift action from those in powers who happens to be in the same location. They were also far away from Washington D.C. and thus the outcomes were at times infringements of the constitution and stipulations otherwise unsound to chosen civil authorities (Baker, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Act then was passed to veto the army in civilian law enforcement the Act also represents the long-established American dogma of separating civilian from military authorities as well as to currently prohibit the use of Army and Air Forces in order to implement civilian laws. In the past 15 years, the Congress has intentionally worn down this belief by engaging the military in drug prohibition in the United States border. This particular attrition would carry on unless the Congress renovates the Posse Comitatus Act principle to protect the crucial and traditional separation and distinction of civilian and military officials (Isenberg, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The increasing swiftness with which the military is regarded as a universal remedy for domestic difficulties will promptly destabilize the Posse Comitatus Act if it continue as it is – unrestricted. Trivial exemptions to the Posse Comitatus Act could rapidly develop into major exemptions. For an instance, in 1981, Congress made an exemption to the Posse Comitatus Act to sanction military participation in drug outlawing in the United States borders, later on, in 1989, Congress assigned the Department of Defense as the â€Å"single lead agency† in drug banning endeavors.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Posse Comitatus Act criminalizes, efficiently prohibiting, the utilization of Army or of the air Forces as a â€Å"posse comitatus† to implement the laws and regulations of US, it states: Whoever, except in cases and under circumstances expressly authorized by the Constitution or Act of Congress, willfully uses any part of the Army or Air Force as a posse comitatus or otherwise to execute the laws shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than two years, or both (Young, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While a criminal law, the Posse Comitatus Act has a more significant function as a declaration of policy which represents the traditional American principle of the division among military and civilian authorities, which also happens o be one of the most vital guidelines of the United States form of government (Rossi, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Major as well as trivial exemptions to the Posse Comitatus Act which permit the utilization of the military in law implementation tasks, distort the line which separates the tasks of the civilians from the military officials, destabilize civilian jurisdiction of the military, injure military alacrity, and ineffectually solve the difficulties that they allegedly deals with (Rossi, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, amplifying the functions of the military would fortify the federal law implementation equipment which is at present, under close inspection for straining its power. While it appears to be kind, such augmentations in military influence renew the terror of past exceeds in limitations which occurred in the late 1960’s (Rossi, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   As was mentioned earlier, the Posses Comitatus Act of 1878 occurred as an immediate response to the escalating use of the military for tasks meant for civilians during the Reconstruction period. On numerous instances military troops were called upon to suppress civil commotions, to aid in creating governments in the southern states, as well as to implement civil laws and regulations. This topic came to a start when Rutherford Hayes came triumphant in the questionable presidential election which took place in 1876. Allegations were rapidly made that military troops which were sent to southern states acted as a posse comitatus (power of the people) for federal marshals at the polls played a role in giving the President the required vote he needed to win the election. In 1878, a Democrat controlled house of Representatives approved an army appropriations bill (20 Stat 145, 152) which hold language specifically banning the use of military troops as a posse comitatus, the act as a result, discarded the Mansfield Doctrine that military army could be put into use in civilian roles provided that they were subject to civilian laws and associated the use of the army with martial law. The things included in the said act basically, stayed unchanged save for the addendum of the Air Force in 1956 (70A Stat 626 (1956), however the Congress has made some developments to the some of the constitutional exemptions to the act (ex. 10 USC 331, 10 USC 332, and the like) (Young, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Posse Comitatus act provided two situations in which the Act could be disregarded; when an exemption is specifically approved by the Constitution and when Congress specifically permitted an exemption. The first of the said stipulations has generated much perplexity in the use of the Act especially since the Constitution holds no condition specifically allowing the utilization of the army to implement the law of the land. Majority of the texts discussing the constitutional exemptions of the Posse Comitatus act centers on the clash between the indirect and intrinsic constitutional influence and control of the President. This is mainly because the President also happens to be the Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces (Baker, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The next condition which permits the exemptions to the Posse Comitatus act is Congressional approval, and it has been put into use in two ways. First is by providing a division of the armed services with civilian law enforcement capacities, and second by setting up rules for detailed kinds of aid, on so doing, modifying explicit constitutional exemptions to correspond to particular situations (Baker, 1999).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the 1st case Congress has specifically allowed the coast guard to execute law enforcement tasks during peacetime, most particularly of anti-drug laws (14 USC 2) which had also been mentioned earlier in this paper. During wartimes power for the Coast Guard passes on from the Department of Transportation to the Navy, yet under the constitutional exemptions made by Congress the Coast Guard could still perform its law enforcement tasks, it should also be taken into account that the Navy and Marine corps have been subjected to the Act in question by DoD Directive 5525.5 (1986, as amended in 1989) as well as by Secretary of the Instruction (SECNAVINST) 5820.7B (1988) (Isenberg, 2002).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Secondly, congress has passed several sections of legislation allowing the use of the army backing and apparatus in helping civilian law enforcement (10 USC 371-82), majority of this legislation was derived in 1981 following the state of affairs in the â€Å"Wounded Knee†.   These state of affairs stalked from the 1973 occupation of a facility on the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota, and the following blockade, capture, and hearing of the American Indian Movement, throughout the course of the blockade the federal civilian law enforcement officials made widespread use of information, personnel, and apparatus offered by the army. The support offered by the army eventually resulted to the weakening of the indictments against those people who had been seized, and it became apparent that Congress have to deal with the necessity for constitutional prohibitions to the original act, in addition to the legal exemptions regarding offering civil law enforcement with help at times of civil disturbance (10 USC 331, 10 USC 332). The guidelines spread under the decrees offer for the conservation of federal possessions and government roles, and permits the use of army in state of emergency when civil officials are incapable to control the state of affairs, further legislation has been passed including situations when nuclear materials is involved in the emergency (Young, 2003).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   It may seem that the Posse Comitatus Act 1878 represents the principle of the explicit division between the army and civilian forces, a tenet which had been a fundamental constituent of the US history. However, it is fascinating to take into notice that one has ever been found guilty with infringement of 18 USC 1385, and as could be seen in the first part of this paper, Congress is quick in making exemptions for the sudden intrusion of the army (most notable of which is the campaign against drugs) and this constant use of the army as well as the Congress amendment of the Act to use the military had been constant source of controversy up to this point in time. Works Cited Baker, Bonnie. â€Å"The Origins of the Posse Comitatus.† (1999) December 8, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Isenberg, David. â€Å"Posse Comitatus.† (2002) December 8, 2007   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   . Price, Lori R., and Michael D. Rectenwald. â€Å"The Posse Comitatus Act of 1878.† (2007)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   December 8, 2007 Rossi, C. T. â€Å"The Posse Comitatus Act: Can We Maintain American Freedom Without It?†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (2002) December 8, 2007 http://www.enterstageright.com/>. Young, Stephen. â€Å"The Posse Comitatus Act.† (2003) December 8, 2007 .

Behavioral Contract

I have always loved to watch movies and television shows but I guess it was an addiction already for the past couple of months. I can say that I am very much hooked in watching the television for the past seven months. I love the thrill, happiness, suspense I feel whenever I watch something on television. Whenever I am at home, my whole day would be spent in front of the television. I sometimes skip meals just to watch my favourite movie or a certain talk show.Sometimes I even do not take a bath just to keep track of what I am watching. I love watching those shows that exposes the current fashion, recent social issues, and television magazines, shows that tells Hollywood celebrities’ lives and most of all, movies like suspense thriller, horror, love stories and fairy tales. For me it is the source of my enjoyment, I sometimes forget to study and read books.I think too much watching the television causes great effects in my being. We cannot deny the fact that the youth are grea t imitators and that is one of our natures. We really follow and imitate what we see and observed from other people especially when we realize that these people involved manifests excitement in doing such acts and we see these people as beautiful and attractive as they could be; we tend to idolize and mimic it.Present television’s advertisements, commercials, shows and movies already content acts and scenes that indicates discrimination if one has an unacceptable look physically and intellectually as perceived by the society, as what is being showcased in the standards of the society; that to be beautiful is to have a white complexion, tall, slender, witty and sexually appealing which have great impact to the minds of the younger generations.These kinds of entertainments will create curiosity and puzzlements to our young minds that will push us to try it by ourselves. This does not concern only the advertisements but also talk shows and movies. They tackle and expose about se x and relationship, love affairs that sometimes we are so caught up with these ideas, which we tend to forget our other responsibilities. I think being bored triggers my addiction to television.I want something to entertain me so that I do not get too alone. Sometimes I get bored just studying and doing other things, but when it comes to television, I really can’t feel ennui at all. I really feel entertain by the television. I should control my being hooked on television and might as well eliminate it. I should discipline myself and have self control. Within 2 weeks I should minimize my television viewing and by the end of month I must have eliminated this behaviour already.If I spend too much of my time in front of the television then I will ask my mother to deduct my allowance by 50%, I will not be able to go on a night out during Fridays, I will not be allowed to wake up late during weekends, lastly I will not be able to go out with my friends during week ends. If I will n ot comply with the contract then my punishment for myself will be destroy all my shoes and sandals and I will come to school on slippers for one day. While if I will be able to follow all the terms in the contract and comply with it then I my reward will be, spending the whole weekend in my favourite beach resort and hotel. Behavioral Contract I have always loved to watch movies and television shows but I guess it was an addiction already for the past couple of months. I can say that I am very much hooked in watching the television for the past seven months. I love the thrill, happiness, suspense I feel whenever I watch something on television. Whenever I am at home, my whole day would be spent in front of the television. I sometimes skip meals just to watch my favourite movie or a certain talk show.Sometimes I even do not take a bath just to keep track of what I am watching. I love watching those shows that exposes the current fashion, recent social issues, and television magazines, shows that tells Hollywood celebrities’ lives and most of all, movies like suspense thriller, horror, love stories and fairy tales. For me it is the source of my enjoyment, I sometimes forget to study and read books.I think too much watching the television causes great effects in my being. We cannot deny the fact that the youth are grea t imitators and that is one of our natures. We really follow and imitate what we see and observed from other people especially when we realize that these people involved manifests excitement in doing such acts and we see these people as beautiful and attractive as they could be; we tend to idolize and mimic it.Present television’s advertisements, commercials, shows and movies already content acts and scenes that indicates discrimination if one has an unacceptable look physically and intellectually as perceived by the society, as what is being showcased in the standards of the society; that to be beautiful is to have a white complexion, tall, slender, witty and sexually appealing which have great impact to the minds of the younger generations.These kinds of entertainments will create curiosity and puzzlements to our young minds that will push us to try it by ourselves. This does not concern only the advertisements but also talk shows and movies. They tackle and expose about se x and relationship, love affairs that sometimes we are so caught up with these ideas, which we tend to forget our other responsibilities. I think being bored triggers my addiction to television.I want something to entertain me so that I do not get too alone. Sometimes I get bored just studying and doing other things, but when it comes to television, I really can’t feel ennui at all. I really feel entertain by the television. I should control my being hooked on television and might as well eliminate it. I should discipline myself and have self control. Within 2 weeks I should minimize my television viewing and by the end of month I must have eliminated this behaviour already.If I spend too much of my time in front of the television then I will ask my mother to deduct my allowance by 50%, I will not be able to go on a night out during Fridays, I will not be allowed to wake up late during weekends, lastly I will not be able to go out with my friends during week ends. If I will n ot comply with the contract then my punishment for myself will be destroy all my shoes and sandals and I will come to school on slippers for one day. While if I will be able to follow all the terms in the contract and comply with it then I my reward will be, spending the whole weekend in my favourite beach resort and hotel.

Let Your Wishes Be a Writing Prompt

Let Your Wishes Be a Writing Prompt Let Your Wishes Be a Writing Prompt Let Your Wishes Be a Writing Prompt By Mark Nichol In 1970, poet Kenneth Koch went into classrooms at a Manhattan elementary school and benevolently tricked children into realizing that every one of them was a writer. It’s been a long time since I read Wishes Lies, and Dreams, his paperback memoir/anthology, but I do recall that the first thing he did was ask the students to write a list of wishes. After reading some of the lists aloud, he congratulated the kids on their poetry, which surprised them, because few of them had ever thought of themselves as poets. But poets they all were. We’re not talking about roses-are-red rhyming here, either; in these and other exercises, with Koch as their guide, the children unleashed their creativity with sophisticated, eloquent, heartfelt imagery. I do not read or write poetry, but I was enchanted by the results of Koch’s efforts, and I encourage you to use the following prompts to help you express yourself: Wishes Lies Dreams Noises Colors After you’ve tackled each theme, combine two or more of them in one piece of writing. Then, for a little more of a challenge, explore relationships between things: Comparisons Metaphors Being an Animal or a Thing I Used to . . ./But Now. . . I Seem to Be . . ./But Really I Am . . . If you find yourself stumbling, use the experience and run with it. For example, in one of Koch’s exercises, a third grader who meant to write â€Å"a swarm of bees† misspelled swarm as swan. Instead of marking up the spelling error, Koch challenged the students to come up with similar fantastical expressions, giving as additional examples â€Å"a window of kisses† and â€Å"a blackboard of dreams.† This book and its successor, Rose, Where Did You Get That Red? (the title is the opening line of a student’s poem), feature even more prompts, including, in the latter book, ten inspired by classic poems. Both books are still in print. If you’re a teacher or a parent, let children’s imaginations soar with these ideas, but not before you try them out yourself. If you’re not, don’t use that excuse to avoid these inspiring ideas. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Fiction Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:70 Idioms with HeartThe Difference Between "will" and "shall"Personification vs. Anthropomorphism

Business Policy

Produce a high quality products * Diversity and variety in products offered * Large market share (16% of global footwear market) * Major sponsor for a number of global sporting events * Purchasing of Reebok * Adidas has a Global Presence with over 2400 stores worldwide in a variety of regions. These alone account for nearly â‚ ¬2. 8bil. * Famous sports stars advertising products – Adidas has a series of football superstars who wear and advertise their products, including David Beckham, Zinedine Zidane, Stephen Gerrard etc. Weaknesses High prices in some products * Online customer service not helpful or easy to find * Not utilizing Reebok * Stiff competition and similar big brands means customers have high brand switching * The products can sometimes be costly due to innovative technology or production method * E-commerce is limited to USA Opportunities * Entering the Asian market, China is the fastest growing economy in the world. * Entering the female market * Social trend and popularity of social media sites such as Facebook, allowing Adidas to interact directly and build relationships with potential and current customers. Sponsorship of global sports events which improves the company’s global brand. These include an 11 year sponsorship on the NBA, the 2012 GB Olympic Games and the continued sponsorship of the FIFA WC. * Tie-up with emerging sports teams/clubs/players internationally * Collaborate with other online retailers to offer Adidas products Threats * Nike competition. Nike has strong reputation in the footwear and apparel industry * Global economic downturn. * Increase in the Price of Raw materials * Competition from designers such as Hugo Boss and Lacoste. * fake imitations affect brand image

Luxury Vehicles Are Exported To China Research Paper

Luxury Vehicles Are Exported To China - Research Paper Example This controversial business opportunity has been caused by the fact that the same luxury cars are sold at very different prices in China where customers in china can only get the same cars with almost three times the prices in USA. For instance, as Grossman (para 1) says, a BMW X5xDrvive35i is sold by BMW at an average of $56,025 in USA and the same car sells at $153,176 in China. These big differences in price between the two countries mean that individuals and even companies in the USA can buy a car and ship it to China, sell it at slightly lower price than the amount BMW is selling it in China and make a huge profit of over a hundred percent of what it costs them to buy and ship the car to China. The government has cramped down on this business, in most cases freezing the bank accounts of the people associated with these business. The fact that the buyers involved in this business are not breaking any laws but only taking advantage of a market loophole means that there is nothing that is not legal in what they are doing. Cramping on them and freezing their bank accounts is something that is against the constitution of the United States that gives every citizen maximum liberty. There are firms which have been set up to buy cars from the US Auto dealers and then shipping them from the US to China. To avoid suspicion, the companies train people to be buying the cars for them and them handing over the car to them. An individual is hired and recruited on how to buy the cars from the dealers. As Goldstein (para 28) reports, these recruits are trained so that they can buy the cars on behalf of these firms without raising suspicion. The buyers then walk into a dealership and buy the car they have been instructed to buy, go home with it and stay with it for some time. The person gets paid a few hundred dollars and the company takes the car from them so that they can ship it to the target market. These buyers who act as agents of these

Diplomatic Immunity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Diplomatic Immunity - Essay Example cial review is stronger where the executive finds an individual not to have been a diplomat, but even so the courts have generally acceded to the determination of the executive. However, since the history of international law shows that, from time to time, a claim of immunity must be adjudicated in various contexts, when an appropriate issue is duly raised before the courts, it is within the area of judicial competence and responsibility to determine whether a claim of diplomatic immunity is valid. For instance, when the State Department, in making a certification, not only rules upon a persons diplomatic status but also states a conclusion of law in making the determination, the determination is reviewable, that is looked at, by the courts. Also, where the status and right to immunity have not been determined by executive action, they are a proper subject of decision by the courts. The Vienna Diplomatic Convention provides absolute immunity from criminal prosecution for diplomats and their family members who are not nationals of the receiving state. These individuals also enjoy immunity from civil suit except in three instances: (a) an action regarding real property in the receiving state unless the property is held on behalf of the sending state for purposes of the mission1, (b) an action relating to succession (in which the diplomatic agent is involved as executor, administrator, heir or legatee) not on behalf of the sending state2, or (c) an action relating to any professional or commercial activity in the receiving state outside of a diplomats official functions3. When the diplomatic agent stops his functions his immunity ceases as well, except â€Å"with respect to acts performed by such a person in the exercise of his functions as a member of the mission, immunity shall continue to subsist.† (Vienna Article Convention). The State Departments interpretation of the provisions of the Convention, although given deference,are not conclusive. Notwithstanding

Consumer Behavior Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Consumer Behavior - Research Proposal Example "Hostile attitudes towards expatriates held by many Gulf hosts are not conducive to successful interaction between the two groups. Many natives are alarmed by the erosive effect these expatriates may have on their local culture and identity" Atiyyah (1996). Some of the Non-resident Indians have gone into private banking and wealth management2. In UK South Asians are only 2% of the working age population; but their achievement is significant. Socio-cultural factors of long hours of work and socio-economic factors like higher education have contributed to their success. With delegation of responsibilities, and converting it into a family business with family members and friends help, trying to get cheaper labour from the community, these small entrepreneurs had been successful in creating capital and a comfortable life. "An important aspect not considered by ethnic resources and opportunities theory is the role of socio-economic resources such as the level of education and the class background of migrants, emphasised by Light (1984), in stimulating entrepreneurial entry and expansion" Basu and Goswamy (1999). They have They have managed well in small businesses with supporting ethnic clientele, previous business and professional experience, business inheritance in countries of origin, size of the starting up capital, informal capital from family and friends without interest and eliminating repaying pressure. They start in an extremely small way and this enables them to adjust and avoids difficult financial necessities. They have Asian clientele, ethnic labour, family support, and easy cash flow for expansion. The Indian-American group is described as: "The first group, who came to the USA in the 1960s, are generally well-educated successful men, with homemaker wives and adult children. The second group came in the 1970s and are also well educated. However, both the husband and wife are employed, and they typically have young children. The third group is generally less-educated and typically own motels and convenience stores (Mogelonsky, 1995)" from Kaufman-Scarborough (2000). They have achieved immense amount of success through socialization, consumer acculturation and traditional assimilation3. It is a fact that misconceptions exist due to media about this group. Organisations usually tend to over generalize certain similarities. They believe that all Indian population could be grouped together into a single segment. India is too large a country where regional dissimilarities are prominent. Another misconception is one Indian language is understood by all, which again is wrong, because there are hundreds of languages in India. Third one since all Indians seem to know English, it can be used to interview or advertise for them. Again this is wrong; they might know English, but not 'consumer English'4. Also it should be kept in mind that this group is growing rapidly due to education, mobilization and western need of IT experts, and cannot be

Report on Snow White and the Seven Dwarves

Report on Snow White and the Seven Dwarves ABSTRACT This drama is basically about a beautiful girl called Snow White. The Queen is trying to kill her so she takes refuge in the forest in the house of seven dwarfs to hide from the wicked Queen. The Queen wanted to kill her because she is jealous for not being the fairest in the land, and Snow Whites beauty surpasses her own. The seven dwarfs start to love Snow White, who always cleans their house and cooks their meals. But one day while the dwarfs are at their diamond mine, the Queen arrives at the cottage disguised as an old humble woman and persuades Snow White to bite into a poisoned apple. The dwarfs, warned by the forest animals, rush home to chase the witch away, but they are too late to save Snow White from the poisoned apple. They place her in a glass coffin in the woods and mourn for her. The Prince, who has fallen in love with Snow White, happens by and awakens her from the wicked Queens deathlike spell with loves first kiss. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, we would like to thank God for supporting us physically and mentally to finish up our drama presentation that has been given by Ms. Liyana Shazleen Mohd Nizar. These tasks have been done by our group members that put lots of effort and time in it even though some conflicts had happen during the discussion for this assignment. Luckily, all conflicts had been settled and we can even work better after the conflicts. In addition, we would like to thank Ms. Liyana for guiding us in our assignment. She always gave us support and guide us how to perform well in a drama to ensure that we come out with a high quality presentation. The topic that has been chosen by our group is to present a drama title Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. Furthermore, we would like to thank our beloved friends as well because they help us to build the props for the drama presentation. We also hope that all of our effort can help us to score a better result in our group assignment. Finally, we would l ike to thank and wish all our classmates and family for always being there for us and give us support in order for us to finish up this group assignment. TABLE OF CONTENT Chapter 1: Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Pg. 1 Scene Cast Synopsis Chapter 2: Methods†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Pg. 4 Chapter 3: Recommendation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Pg. 4 Chapter 4: Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION SYNOPSIS Once upon a time, there live a beautiful girl name Snow White; she takes refuge in the forest in the house of seven dwarfs to hide from her stepmother, the Queen. The Queen is jealous of Snow White because she is â€Å"the fairest in the land† and she wanted to take the title. The dwarfs grow to love their unexpected visitor. But one day while the dwarfs are at their diamond mine, the Queen arrives at the cottage disguised as an old humble woman and persuades Snow White to bite into a poisoned apple. The dwarfs, warned by the forest animals, rush home to chase the witch away, but they are too late to save Snow White from the poisoned apple. They place her in a glass coffin in the woods and mourn for her. The Prince, who has fallen in love with Snow White, happens by and awakens her from the wicked Queens deathlike spell with loves first kiss. SCENE 1.2. A SCENE 1 The first scene of this drama presentation is when the Queen summons the magic mirror to find out who is the fairest lady in the world. The magic mirror told her that Snow White is the fairest lady of all. Once the Queen found out that she is not the fairest lady in the world, she when furious and she summons the Huntsman and orders him to bring Snow White to the forest and kill her there. The Queen wants Snow White dead, she asked the Huntsman to bring back Snow White’s heart. 1.2. B SCENE 2 The second scene of the drama is when the Huntsman brought Snow White to the forest to pick wildflowers. When the Huntsman reached the forest with Snow White, he took pity of her free. He killed a deer and took its heart to The Queen and lied to her that he had killed Snow White. Snow White wandered in the forest all night alone. Meanwhile, Snow white found a adorable house in the middle of the woods and she decide to stay there and hide herself from the Queen. 1.2. C SCENE 3 The third scene of the drama started with the seven dwarfs in the diamond mine working and when the bell rang, they march while singing back to their house. For a moment, they found out that there is someone in the house. The dwarfs were shocked because their house is sparkling clean. Dopey, one of the dwarfs when into the bedroom and saw Snow White sleeping. He was shocked and he ran down to the stairs and everyone was scared. Later, everyone went into the bedroom and Snow White woke up and starts introducing all the dwarfs. After that she tells the dwarfs her stepmother, the Queen is trying to kill her and Snow White begs the dwarfs to let her stay. 1.2. D SCENE 4 The Queen summons the magic mirror and she asked the magic mirror again who is the fairest lady in the world is. The magic mirror told The Queen that Snow White is still alive. The Queen is furious. Therefore, she turns herself into a witch knew how to make magic potions. She then made a poisonous potion and dipped a shiny red apple into it. Then she disguised herself as an old peasant woman and went to the woods with the apple to kill Snow White. 1.2. E SCENE 5 All of the dwarfs advice Snow White to stay in the house and do not talk to strangers before they leave the house to the diamond mine. After the dwarfs leave, The Queen arrives at the cottage disguised as an old peddler woman and persuades Snow White to bite into a poisoned apple. Snow White bites the poison apple and she died, the dwarfs got a strange feeling and rush home but they are too late to save Snow White from the poisoned apple. They place her in a glass coffin in the woods and mourn for her. The Prince, who has fallen in love with Snow White, happens by and awakens her from the wicked Queens deathlike spell with loves first kiss. CAST 1.3. A MAIN CHARACTER The first main character is Snow White. She is a young princess and the daughter of a great king whose wife died when the daughter was very young. Her stepmother has forced her to work as amaidin the castle. The second main character is The Queen. She is the stepmother of Snow White. After she discovers that Snow White is fairest lady, she immediately summons the huntsman to kill her in the woods. After she discovers that Snow White did not die, she disguises herself as an oldhagand uses a poisoned apple to remove Snow White from her path without killing her. Furthermore, The Prince is one of the main characters of the drama. The prince first sees Snow White singing at herwishing well. He immediately falls in love with her and her voice. He later reappears to revive her. 1.3. B SUPPORTING CHARACTERS The first supporting character is Doc. He is the leader of the seven dwarfs; he often mixes up his words. Furthermore,Grumpy is one of the supporting characters. He hates Snow Whites presence in the dwarfs home; He has the biggest nose of the dwarfs, and is frequently seen with one eye shut. Happy is the joyous dwarf and is usually portrayed laughing. Sleepy is always tired and appears laconic in most situations. Moreover, Bashful is the shyest of the dwarfs, and is often embarrassed by the presence of any attention directed at him. Sneezy is earned by his extraordinarily powerful sneezes, which are seen blowing even the heaviest of objects across a room. Dopey is the only dwarf who does not have abeard. He is clumsy and mute, with Happy explaining that he has simply never tried to speak. The Magic Mirror regularly asks by The Queen who is the fairest in the land. Lastly,The Huntsman cannot bear to kill Snow White, even when the Queen orders him to take the princesss heart. CHAPTER 2: METHODS The first thing we did is we do research online and also reading the storybooks to develop a script for our drama. We watch the movie together by using YouTube in a classroom to understand more details about the characters so we can divide the roles easily. Then we have brainstorming session with the whole group to create the script for the drama and we also sat down together to discuss about the roles, scenes, and the materials we need for the drama presentation. Furthermore, we all stay overnight in college a day before the drama presentation to prepare our props, costumes and sound effects. Lastly, we seek for help from Miss Liyana for some ideas and technical help for our drama presentation. CHAPTER 3: RECOMMMENDATION During the process of preparing for the drama presentation, there are a lot of conflicts has happened between our group members. We couldn’t make up our mind about whom getting which roles because some members don’t have the ability to present the characters well. After a week of discussion, we finally made our mind about the roles and everyone is very suitable to their roles. Our group has very creative ideas to twist the plot of the drama from an ordinary Snow White story to a comedic story. We think that we can do better if we have more time to prepare and making the drama presentation more interesting. CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSION As a conclusion, we actually can perform better if we have more time to practice each roles and planning about the drama scenes. The experience of this drama presentation is very amazing, we get to experience how an artist prepares for a drama and we enjoy the whole process even though it is very tiring. We had tried our very best and we think we deserve high marks.

A Cinderella Story Essay -- Cinderella Fairytale Essays

A Cinderella Story   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When examining adaptations of fairytales you must look at the original source. This can be a very difficult task because with fairytales we never really know where the original came from. I will base my paper on the theory that the original tale of Cinderella comes from the Grimm Brothers version of Ashputtle. In comparison we will examine two movies. First there is the Disney version Cinderella. Secondly we will look at the movie 'Ever After'.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Characterization is an important aspect of any story or film, because it sets what the entire film will be about, and how the audience will absorb it. In the story of "Ashputtle". The characters include Ashputtle = Cinderella, The Stepmother, and the stepdaughters, the prince, and who I think are two of the most important characters the father and the spirit of Ashputtle's mother. The character of Cinderella is portrayed as a good little angel that always does what she is told. She is also very weak, because she doesn?t stand up to her family. The characters of the stepfamily are portrayed as evil and vindictive. They treat her rotten, and they make her sleep in the ashes. But in the end all of the parties get their just desert. The stepfamily gets what they deserve. The mother was sent away, and the stepsisters who on her wedding day tried to integrate themselves with her, ended up being punished with blindness. The interesting thing about the character of the fa ther was that in the story he remains alive whereas in the two films he dies, but in this one even though he is alive he still is very mean to Ashputtle, and treats her as a servant after her mother dies. In the first film "Ever After", the characters include, Danielle Debbarberack= Cinderella, the stepmother, and stepsisters (both good and bad), the prince, king and queen, the evil servant who betrays the king and queen, and the father. The character of Danielle was portrayed as a "modern" women of the 16th century, who is as independent as she was beautiful. But even with all her trials and tribulations she manages to fulfill all of her dreams. The prince is an important character in this film also. He plays the role of a spoiled prince, who does not desire the life or the marriage that he was destined for, and when he finds Danielle he falls in love, then rejects her and then ends up with her in the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In t... ...k and maybe get a little insight into their souls? "With his new wife were brought two stepdaughters? Their faces were beautiful and lily white, but their hearts were ugly and black as coal?" Some of the exact differences between the different versions include, the fact that in the story we see that after the mother dies the father is still alive but he stays alive throughout the story and does not love his daughter the same as the other two girls. Whereas in the Disney version the father dies and that is when the stepmother and the two stepdaughters start to treat (Cinderella/ashputtle) differently. In the movie ?Ever After? we see that the father also dies and again that is when the evilness in the family comes out. A few other differences that were discussed include the differences in the prince's portrayal, in one version he was outgoing and honest, and in another he was very shy, and reserved but very dedicated. I found that all of the versions were interesting in their own manner and I wish that I could have discussed the hundred or so more tales from different areas of the world. If you enjoy fairytales then this is one that you will be sure and want to check out.

To what extent does the media represent people/places by using stereotype?

Lady Gaga's music video ‘LoveGame' was directed by Joseph Kahn in 2009. The video starts with the heading ‘Streamline presents' and shots of Lady Gaga naked with purple and blue paint and glitter all over her body. The lighting is dark and there are flashing lights. She is seen fooling around with two fully clothed men on a bench. The two men have the words ‘Fame and ‘Love' shaved on their hair. In many music videos this is evident as women are normally perceived as sex objects and drive home the message that exposed bodies and looks are what count. The scene changes to a subway where Gaga is intimidating a group of men who are a crowded around her. She starts singing in a grey leotard with a hood and wears chain-linked glasses. She carries her trade mark ‘disco-stick' which is mentioned a lot lyrically in the song. This scene subverts many stereotypes in the music industry. In music videos it is common to see men surrounded by lots of semi-naked women. However in this video Kahn has switched it up and has put Gaga surrounded by men, making her dominant. The next seen shows Lady Gaga making her way through the subway and dancing with three other men at the bottom of the staircase. The subway seems damaged, used and neglected, very similar to those found in cities and other urban places. It is a very realistic representation of train stations/subways as there is also pieces of rubbish lying about and ticket machines in the background/ The scene then shifts to a train where Gaga is dancing amongst male dancers, The train is also a very standard train commonly found in cities, there is nothing luxury about it which makes it very familiar to the audience. She is wearing a different colour to the dancers so she stands out. However she dancing on the same level as them which could represent equality. She soon changes her attire to a black jacket and black leotard, she is now wearing the same colour as the male dancers which show that neither one of the sexes is dominant and that they are equal however this is very short lived as she gets lifted to a higher platform which shows her as powerful and dominant. One element in Lady Gaga's video that conforms hugely to the stereotype of pop videos/music is the amount of choreographed dancing which is commonly used in pop videos. This may have been done to remind the viewer that it is a pop music video and so it complements the upbeat vibe of the music. It may also encourage viewers to join in and dance along. Gaga and her dancers move on to an under-ground car park. She is seen dancing on a top of a car and her dancers are shown dancing on the floor. This represents status and that Gaga is yet again more dominant than the male dancers and that she is in control. By putting Lady Gaga on a higher platform than the male dancers it she is very clear that she is constantly in control and is just as able as the male dancers around her. She is then shown entering a ticket booth with a male inspector. The ticket booth scene shows Gaga and the inspector kissing, however Gaga is then shown kissing a female inspector in the booth. The inspector changes from a man to woman in each frame. This sexual reference subverts the typical ‘male and female' stereotype. This scene shows the audience that Gaga clearly does not have a ‘preference' when it comes to her sexuality. This could connect with an audience who are either bi-sexual or homosexual. It does not have a bias towards any certain type of sexuality and does not discriminate either. This could also create a larger fan base of people who are gay as it is showing that it is acceptable in today's society. However it may cause controversy and would most likely be discussed in certain magazines and the news in particular countries, the reason for this is that homosexuality has not yet been embraced in every country/society, and it is only just starting to be accepted in certain communities and certain places. The final scene shows Gaga in a choreographed dance routine with her male dancers. As the artist, Gaga is placed at the forefront of the dance crew so that the audience are not side tracked from the main aim of the video which is naturally to promote Lady Gaga and this new style of music. She is dressed in a similar type of outfit as her male dancers and is pulling off the exact same dance moves. This could represent as women being as equivalent to men. The ideology of this video is to show that not all women are subservient to men. Gaga is used as an example to show that women can be sexy, provocative yet powerful. Gaga is shown in a positive light as someone new and fresh and also very unique in her sense of fashion. By the amount of choreographed dancing in this video it also implies that perhaps she wants to be viewed as more than just a singer but also an entertainer and someone who is talented in more ways than others. However this music video can have quite a few negative points to it, such as the sexual references throughout the video, visually as well as lyrically. This video could easily be portrayed as a bad influence to the younger audience. The way Gaga has been represented could go either way, many people will embrace the fact she is empowering women and on the other hand, many will criticise her for being very sexual and explicit. Now that Lady Gaga has begun to subvert stereotypes, it can give other similar artists a reason to be edgy and individual. Many critics will look to these artist and debate whether or not it is suitable way of women to act and be shown in the media behaving in an independent and unique way. This constant debate can seep into the average person's everyday life; they may discuss certain music videos with friends, especially if they have controversial issues such as ones raised in Lady Gaga's music videos. It can start conversations, discussions and build the relationship between the groups of people.